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Lesbian and Bisexual Women in English Canada audio history collection

  • UVICARCH AR425
  • Collection
  • 1996 - 1998

The Lesbian and Bisexual Women in English Canada audio history collection consists of audio histories conducted for the 2001 University of Victoria Department of History doctoral dissertation <i>The Spreading Depths: Lesbian and Bisexual Women in English Canada, 1910-1965.</i> <i> The Spreading Depths</i> is the basis for Cameron Duder’s subsequent monograph <i>Awfully Devoted Women: Lesbian Lives in Canada, 1900-65,</i> published in 2010 by UBC Press.

The collection consists of 12 interviews (21 recordings in total as some were in multiple parts) conducted by Duder from 1996 to 1998. 27 women were interviewed for the dissertation research, and Duder also drew on interviews recorded in the 1980s for the Lesbians Making History Project. 12 of the women interviewed by Duder consented to their interviews being housed in the University of Victoria Archives. 10 of the 12 women requested to be identified by pseudonym.

Duder's dissertation, <i>The Spreading Depths</i>, examines lesbian and bisexual women’s formation of subjectivity in pre-1965 English Canada, a time when the terms and identities “lesbian” and “bisexual” were not widely discussed in society. Duder considers the existing historical information about the lives of women in same-sex relationships, in English Canada, before the social, political and sexual liberation movements of the 1960s. The interviews conducted by Duder provide information on what had been a neglected group in previous research on lesbian and bisexual women: the interview subjects are lesbians and bisexual women from lower-middle class and working class families. Duder argues that discourses on 19th and 20th century history of sexuality have reflected the documentation of the politically active and socially privileged, namely activist persons or organizations and women from upper middle class families whose histories were documented in public archives. Duder argues for a class-specific lesbian subjectivity in the decades before 1965, a subjectivity which does not always adhere to the forms of the “romantic friendship” and the “butch-femme relationship” which have dominated the discourse.

Duder adds a Canadian perspective to the large literature on the transition in women’s relationships from the romantic friendship to the modern lesbian. The Spreading Depths reveals that before the Second World War, women in same-sex relationships were influenced by the language of sexology. Their relationships were also much more explicitly sexual than were those of earlier generations of lesbians. Duder suggests, however, that we should not assume great expansion in the discussion of sexuality, because well into the 1950s and 1960s Canadians lacked information about sexual desire and sexual practice. The interview testimonies complicate the picture we have of women in the mid-twentieth century being much more sexually aware than women of previous generations.

The interviews reveal that lesbians and bisexual women shared heterosexual women’s longing for intimate relationships, their joy at finding a partner, and their pleasure in coming to an awareness of sexuality, but they also reveal that same-sex relationships held the same risks of infidelity, domestic violence, and alcohol abuse as existed for heterosexual women. Relationships with family were also mixed. Duder posits that because of the lack of public discussion around women’s sexual subjectivity, and therefore a lack of terminology that could be used to define and reject women living outside the heterosexual norm, women in same-sex relationships during the period under study may have had somewhat better relationships with their families than lesbians after 1965. Finally, The Spreading Depths discusses the Canadian lesbian community of the 1950s and the 1960s and contrasts the social world of lower-middle-class lesbians with the public bar culture of Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. The interview testimonies reveal the views held by these women towards the bar scene and the women who regularly socialized in the bars. The interviewees describe alternative ways they found to socialize with one another so as to avoid exposure.

Initially, the project intended to include heterosexual women as a part of its analysis of women in English Canada. Duder sought interviewees through advertisements in regular media and lesbian and feminist media, and consequently the text of these advertisements differed: for regular media, women 55 and older, who lived in British Columbia or Ontario for a minimum of 5 years between 1910 and 1955, were sought to speak about personal relationships and social life, all types of friendships, romantic relationships, courting and marriage; advertisements in lesbian and feminist media sought lesbian/gay and bisexual women 55 and older, who lived in British Columbia or Ontario for a minimum of 5 years between 1910 and 1955, willing to speak about personal relationships and social life, and the lives of lesbian and bisexual women. The dissertation was later narrowed to consider lesbian and bisexual women only.

Interviewees were offered use of pseudonyms, given the option of an audio recording of the interview or written notation only, and for those selecting the audio recording, the choices of destruction, preservation of the recording in an archives, or preservation of a transcript. Regarding access restrictions, participants choosing preservation of the recordings could select: no restriction, access with written consent, access after death of the participant, closure until a specified date, or other specifically stated restrictions.

The interviews were preceded by an informal meeting where Duder and the interviewee discussed the research and interview proposal. The guiding interview questions were organized into the following categories and general subjects (summarized from Appendix B of The Spreading Depths). Not all questions were asked of all interviewees:
<u>Biographical background</u> – of the interviewee and immediate family members, including birthplaces, nationalities, places lived, education and occupations;
<u>Childhood</u> – enjoyed or not enjoyed; feelings towards parents and siblings; family strictures; church attendance; playmates and racial characteristics of neighbourhood; school experiences; adolescence; reading habits; clothing worn; drinking and smoking habits; and special friendships;
<u>Socializing and sexual knowledge</u> – extent and location of socializing; types of socializing; friends and acquaintances; frequenting of clubs or bars; any secretiveness concerning activities and location; extent and source of knowledge of human anatomy, sex, pregnancy, masturbation, and same sex relations; awareness of and interaction with homosexual women or men;
<u>Personal sexuality</u> – sexual preference; words used to describe preference; early physical and emotional attractions; feelings associated with attraction; extent of intimate relationships; perceptions of mixed race relationships.
<p>Additional questions were available to guide further discussion of relationships and sexuality. The following is a sample from these questions (excerpted Appendix B of The Spreading Depths). Questions may not have been required depending on the course of interview:

  • How would you describe the way you felt about sex in those relationships?
  • Were there any occasions where one of you wanted to do something different and the other refused? How did you feel about that?
  • Did you know from the beginning what you would like and dislike or was that something you learned about yourself over time?
  • Is there anything else that you would like to tell me about your sexual relationships?

Diane Amirault Langlais Collection

  • Tantramar Heritage Trust 2007.14C
  • Collection
  • 1880-1929

Collection contains two photographs of unidentified women from separate time periods, showing examples of women’s fashion during those eras.

Women, social justice, and Canadian trade unions collection

  • ON00370 F0494
  • Collection
  • 1973-2006

Collection consists of publications, policy statements, research reports, conference and educational documents, and newsletters accumulated by Professor Linda Briskin in the course of her research on women and equity in organized labour in Canada. The documents were published by or about local, provincial, and national organizations, including the Canadian Labour Congress, provincial federations of labour, Canadian and United Auto Workers, Canadian Air Line Employees' Association, Canada Employment Immigration Union, the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada, the Committee for Cleaners' Rights, International Ladies Garment Workers Union, Metro Labour Council, Union of Provincial Government Employees, Canadian Union of Public Employees, Ontario Secondary School Teachers' Federation, Public Service Alliance of Canada, United Steelworkers of Canada, Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, and the Windsor Hospital Clerical Workers Union of Canada. The collection deals with equity in collective bargaining units, including issues of sisterhood and solidarity, education, human rights, anti-racism, aboriginal issues, affirmative action, violence against women, and the impact of technological change. The documents are arranged into files by organization, and they reflect the equity initiatives undertaken by unions to transform organizational practice and culture in order to ensure fairness and representation for women and members of other equity-seeking groups.

Esplanade Archives Photograph collection

  • MED med-515
  • Collection
  • 1880-[200-]

The collection consists of various archival materials pertinent to the institution's mandate including: photograph of 1953 Medicine Hat Orioles Women's Baseball Team, Medicine Hat City Band (1919) and various views of Medicine Hat.

Sans titre

Esplanade Archives Manuscript collection

  • MED med-511
  • Collection
  • 1880-[200-]

The collection consists of: Dominion Harvester Co. business envelope; Letter from John Amatt from the Canadian Mount Everest Expedition to Joyce Condon and class at Riverside School (1982); postcard of MH (1913); photograph of 1953 Medicine Hat Orioles Women's Baseball Team; a booklet celebrating Alberta's 50th Anniversary entitled "Alberta Holiday" (1905-1955); a T. Eatons Company catalogue (1917); Farmer's Advocate Magazine (1920); a Norwegian Magazine (1917); Share Certificates of the Delta Copper Co. issued to A.J. McCormick (9) (1916-1920); 2 photographs of an early view of Medicine Hat and a group of ranchers at the Calgary Stampede (ca.1885-1912); a book of sketches of England drawn by Paxton Davis (1856); crochet pattern books for decorative items and clothing (7) (various authors) (ca. 1915-1921); "Hockey Souvenir and Memoirs" programs of Medicine Hat Monarchs (2) (1931, 1932); 20 photographs of various and random views of Medicine Hat events ([ca.1920-1939]); a precipitation chart, hand-drawn and matted, entitled "Precipitation at Medicine Hat" (1894-1946); blueprint of C.P.R. Standard House No. 1B (1914); a letter (2 pgs) on Assiniboia Hotel letterhead, addressed to J.C. Miller from Tom Mix (1902); Saskatchewan Map # ? ([ca. 1927]); Bartlett and Grassie's Atlas of Medicine Hat and Environs, containing 78 street surveys of proposed subdivisions of Medicine Hat, (ca.1912-1913); WW2 Canadian Meat Coupon Rationing chart (1943); Certificate of Authority, Hartford Fire Insurance Co., Agent Certificate (1919); a souvenir booklet containing 16 published photographic views of Medicine Hat, Alberta ([ca. 1914]); a ledger for Monarch Amusement Co.- Wholesale Tobacconists, (undated); bound account book for unnamed company (1940-1957); ledger of uncommon stocks for unnamed company (1950-1957); 23 photographs of the Central Garage, views of Medicine Hat, and the Medicine Hat Hockey Club; a Medicine Hat Amateur Operatic Society program for "The Chimes of Normandy" (1915); a letter containing reminiscences of the VanderLinden family, by Elizabeth Peterson (undated); reminiscences (4 pgs) of G.H. Elkink (undated); biography of John Hobbelink (undated); minutes from the New Holland Pure Bred Association (1921-1924); a timetable for Bluebell Bus Ltd., Medicine Hat, containing local advertising (1928); a Purity Flour Cook Book published by Western Canada Flour Mills Co. (1917); Five Roses Cookbook published by Lake of the Woods Milling Co. (1923); an alphabetical name list of burial registrations and numerical plot listings for the original Hillside/Kin Coulee Cemetery, Church of England Section (1884-1947), and the Roman Catholic Section (1890-1919), the new Hillside Cemetery (1886-1994), Chapel Lawn Cemetery (1955-1994), Tilley Bethany Lutheran Cemetery (1933-present?), Craigmyle Cemetery (1915-1982), and the Redcliff Cemetery (1915-1994); a scrapbook of newsclippings re: the Medicine Hat Monarchs Hockey team, players and games (1926-1948); 4 photographs of the Medicine Hat Monarchs, various views of Medicine Hat, the Woodhouse family, and the Medicine Hat Potteries logo (1924-[ca.1950]); Medicine Hat Blue Jays (baseball) programs (1981-1982); Medicine Hat Cubs (hockey) program (1984-1985); Medicine Hat Tigers (hockey) posters (OS) (1988-1989); Envelope and souvenir booklet (with photographic engravings) entitled "The Last of the Buffalo - Comprising a history of the Buffalo herd at the Flathead reservation and an account of the last great Buffalo roundup" , an illustrated account of the transportation of buffalo from the Flathead reservation in Montana to Central Alberta (1909); a Canadian Red Cross knitting instruction booklet titled "No. 2 - Knitted Comforts for Women" (M99.18.1) (Nov. 1940); Lux (Lever Brothers Ltd.) supplemental knitting booklet titled "How to Knit for Soldiers and Sailors" (M99.18.2) (1939); 3 tokens, good for 1 dance - Park Pavillion, Medicine Hat, Alta. (M99.18.3) (undated); "advertique" calendars (7) for the following local Medicine Hat businesses: Art Bull Ltd. (2) (1968-1969), Marshall's Book Store (1) (1971), Mackenzie Drug Co. Ltd. (1) (1974), Merv's Barber Shop (1) (1975), Raber Men's and Ladies Wear (1) (1978), C.E. Adam Jeweller Ltd. (1) (1985); an advertique calendar (monthly pages are missing) for Klemm Electric of South Railway Street ([ca. 1950]); a collection of Canadian, US and British postage stamps (ca. 1906-1969); assorted greeting cards (10) (1943-1944, undated); a souvenir program of Redcliff's Golden Jubilee Celebration (September 1-3, 1962); fundraiser calendar from Leader, Saskatchewan - 2007 Pothole Calendar (2007); cartoons and correspondence regarding Medicine Hat from Ripley's Believe it or Not (2008); 5 greeting cards, 3 business cards, and 1 postcard from Remember When Antiques (undated); first flight air mail from Medicine Hat to Calgary (1930)

Sans titre

George and Eva Davison collection

  • MED med-389
  • Collection
  • [ca. 1879-1970]

The collection consists of: educational papers (1967-1977); biographical materials (undated); books, pamphlets and programs (1902-1978); newspaper clippings (1951-1977); historical papers (1879-1967); military material (1972-1975); maps (1974, undated); a map of Medicine Hat ([195-]); blueprint of Medicine Hat (1907); "Our Heritage", a folder of historical sketches by John Fisher (undated); correspondence with Kipling, Fatt, Gilmour and Winship re: renaming of Medicine Hat (1910- 1936); MH College Yearbook and Menu Card (1970); Medicine Hat College luncheon invitation (1971); Alexandra High School Yearbooks (10) (1922, 1946-54); En Avant school newsletters (1951-54); Program and Commencement Exercises-Medicine Hat General Hospital School of Nursing (1971); booklets (2) re: the flora of Southeastern Alberta (1962); booklet entitled "The Development of a Cumulus Cloud Over a Prairie Grass Fire" by O. Johnson (1959); a precipitation graph (1884-1923); an anthology of Medicine Hat High School student writings (1974); booklet entitled "Vagabond Trails" (1946); Connaught School Guest book (1962-66); Golden Jubilee Senior Citizens Award Booklet (1955); menu and program for Harry Veiner night (undated); card commemorating the Official Opening of Maple Avenue Bridge (1974); programs (2) of the official opening of the new Fire Hall (1975); memorial card-Mary Bomford (1975); 50th Anniversary program-Murray Chapter of the Eastern Star (1975); calendars (2) Bank of Montreal (1957?, 1959?); postcards from World War I (20) (1916-1918); 164 photographs with various views of Medicine Hat and the Davison family (1885-1971); 1 audio cassette with an interview of Eva Davison and documentation of the opening of the Medicine Hat Library (1964).

Sans titre

Charlotte Irene Lapp collection

  • MED med-158
  • Collection
  • 1912-1992

The collection consists of: University Women's Club Programs (13) (1949-1964); hand drawn homestead maps S.W. of Bowell as recalled by Irene Lapp (2) (1991); "Construction", a journal for the Architectural Engineering and Contracting Interests of Canada (1912); history of Breezelawn School District #2476 as recalled by Irene Lapp (1992); family histories for Dubeau, Schaeffer, Wallace and Lapp families, and list of early homesteaders of the Bowell area (1992); images of the Lapp family.

Sans titre

Annette Krygier collection

  • JHSE jhse-231
  • Collection
  • 2003

The fonds consists of an article written by Ms. Krygier's granddaughter, Tal Hyman, about their trip together to Washington, D.C. to attend the 10th anniversary tribute to Holocaust Survivors at the National Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. in 2003. There are also 3 photographs from the trip.

Sans titre

Mel Binder collection

  • JHSE jhse-227
  • Collection
  • 1989-2005, predominant 1989

Collection consists of photocopied newspaper articles regarding Mel Binder's activities as alderman, and an obituary for his mother, Zelda Binder.

Sans titre

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